Until 1569 he ruled together with his brother Henry of Dannenberg. He sponsored enlightenment arts and sciences; most notably he was patron to the young mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, paying for him to attend university against the wishes of Gauss' father. This Fürstenbund (League of Princes) was formally announced in 1785, with the Duke of Brunswick as one of its members and commander of its military forces. The couple were second cousins to each other, being great-grandchildren of George I of Great Britain. Additionally, the manifesto threatened the French population with instant punishment should they resist the Imperial and Prussian armies, or the reinstatement of the monarchy. Both of them were married to future kings, both made extreme failures of their marriages, both had extremely acrimonious relations with their husbands, and both were accused by them of similar faults: adultery, uncouth behavior, absence of dignity, falsehood and utter fecklessness. [3] Frederick II praised the prince personally for his conduct during the war.[14]. [note 1][7] However George III was less welcoming, and sought to express his displeasure through numerous small insults e.g. "[13], In 1803 the process of German Mediatisation led to the acquisition of the neighbouring imperial abbeys of Gandersheim and Helmstedt, which were secularised. The royal family moved into the newly built Brunswick Palace. This made him hugely popular in the duchy. However, the bill was never introduced in the House of Commons and the divorce was never finalized. countries. In Paris, Louis XVI was generally believed to be in correspondence with the Austrians and Prussians already, and the republicans became more vocal in the early summer of 1792. Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was born in Germany as Friedrich Wilhelm on 9 October 1771. [13], The duke also fathered at least one bastard, Forstenburg, who was healthy and began a promising military career before being killed in action during 1793.[21]. After the Girondins had arranged for France to declare war on Austria, voted on April 20, 1792, the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II and the Protestant King of Prussia Frederick William II had combined armies and put them under Brunswick's command. [citation needed], Charles I died in 1780, at which point Charles William Ferdinand inherited the throne. 4 (11th ed.). George William was the second son of George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.In 1648, he received Calenberg from his elder brother Christian Louis when Christian Louis inherited Lüneburg. Wilhelm (4 July 1535 – 20 August 1592), called William the Younger, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Lüneburg-Celle from 1559 until his death. Langue; Suivre; Modifier; Fichier; Historique du fichier; Utilisation du fichier; Usage global du fichier; Métadonnées; Taille de cet aperçu : 481 × 599 pixels. Otto was born around 1204 as the only son of William of Winchester and his wife Helena, a daughter of King Valdemar I of Denmark. [9] The wedding was completed, but as a result of these machinations the prince remained in Britain for only thirteen days. George William Georg Wilhelm (Herzberg am Harz, 26 January 1624 – 28 August 1705, Wienhausen) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Neither of them was disabled, but both of them had similar, disastrous trajectories in life. Charles William Ferdinand was born in the town of Wolfenbüttel on 9 October 1735, probably in Wolfenbüttel Castle. William was the second son of Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and after the death of his father in 1815, was under the guardianship of King George IV of the United Kingdom. She looked very simple, like a vicar's wife, has I am sure many admirable qualities, and is very respectable, but completely lacks manners. Birth of William Raleigh Duke, Jr. Hays Farm, Jefferson, West Virginia, United States. The fourth is the only normal one, but also torments his parents by his immoral behaviour. At the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition in the early summer of 1792, Ferdinand was poised with military forces at Coblenz. Initially the Duke intended to winter in the fortress of Verdun, before resuming the campaign in France the following spring. [10], Over the next few years the couple embarked on a wide-ranging tour of Europe, visiting many of the major states. In 1766 they went to France, where they were received by both his allies and recent battlefield enemies with respect. As such, they were not related in a particularly close degree, yet there had been many bonds of marriage between the House of Brunswick-Bevern and the House of Hanover, themselves both branches of the House of Welf. Birth of Ann Duke. Shortly after they married, the prince had the Schloss Richmond built for his wife. [10] He was declared incapacitated and was excluded from the succession. He died of his wounds in Ottensen on 10 November 1806.[3]. He eventually succeeded his father, married and sired two sons. The Swedish princess and diarist Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte visited Brunswick in 1799; she described the Duke as "witty, literal and a pleasant acquaintance but ceremonial beyond description. The elder daughter, Auguste Caroline Friederike (1764–1788), was the wife of the future king Frederick I of Württemberg and mother of the future William I of Württemberg. Brunswick and Hanover should have been rejoined at that time, but Prussia had annexed the kingdom of Hanover in 1866 and now prevented the younger branch of the house of Brunswick from taking up the ducal crown. The Duke was disappointed that the British remained neutral. ; 30 October 1804 – 18 August 1873), ruled the Duchy of Brunswick from 1815 until 1830. [14] The largest Patriot force, 7,000 men under the Rhinegrave of Salm, was quickly out-manoeuvred and forced to abandon Utrecht, which the Duke occupied on 16 September. Francke Augustus William of Brunswick.jpg 564 × 772; 64 KB. He joined the Prussian army in 1789 as a captain and participated in battles against Revolutionary France. He soon became known as a model sovereign, a typical enlightened despot of the period, characterized by economy and prudence. The first violent action was carried out on August 10, when the Tuileries Palace was stormed. "[10] Nevertheless, he was married in 1790 to Frederika of Orange-Nassau, daughter of William V, Prince of Orange, a gentle, good-hearted woman who remained devoted to him to the end. interface language. Charles William Ferdinand entered the military, serving during the Seven Years' War of 1756–63. He received an unusually wide and thorough education, overseen by his mother. [12], He resembled his uncle Frederick the Great in many ways, but he lacked the resolution of the king, and in civil as in military affairs was prone to excessive caution. (1911). The duke was frequently engaged in diplomatic and other state affairs. 1712 September 4, 1712. The Duke's forces entered the Netherlands on 13 September and occupied Nijmegen that day. He is called Otto the Child to distinguish him from his uncle, Emperor Otto IV.. [3][17] He also received credit for the low number of casualties; one British observer suggested that "the sap of the trees was the only blood shed" (an exaggeration),[18] referring to the wooden palisades and batteries constructed by both sides. The "Brunswick Proclamation" or "Brunswick Manifesto" that he now issued from Coblenz on July 25, 1792 threatened war and ruin to soldiers and civilians alike, should the Republicans injure Louis XVI and his family. It was later transferred for reburial in Brunswick Cathedral on 6 November 1819. Some commentators have pointed to inbreeding as a possible cause for the fact that many of the couple's children suffered from physical, mental or psychological disabilities. 600 — 800 While William joined the Prussian-led North German Confederation in 1866, his relationship to Prussia was strained, since Prussia refused to recognize Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, his nearest male-line relative, as his heir, because of the Duke of Cumberland's claim to the throne of Hanover. Charles William Ferdinand (German: Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Fürst und Herzog von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) (October 9, 1735 – November 10, 1806), Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, was a sovereign prince of the Holy Roman Empire, and a professional soldier who served as a Generalfeldmarschall of the Kingdom of Prussia. Three of their four sons suffered from major debilities. The royal houses of the former Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg had traditionally married within the family, to avoid further division of their family lands under Salic law. Born in Brunswick, the eldest son of Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. William left most government business to his ministers, and he spent most of his time outside of his state at his possessions in Oels. The duke and his wife Augusta had four sons and three daughters. by lodging the prince at Somerset House, instead of one of the royal palaces; not providing him with a military guard; and instructing the servants at the wedding to wear old clothes. The future Queen of Sweden, Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp, described the ducal family thus: The Duchess is the sister to the King of England and a typical Englishwoman. The duke's body was provisionally laid to rest in Christianskirche in 1806. 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