English examples include, A type of noun that refers anaphorically to another noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective. ” nesithi “si” egameni elithi “ozosiyela”? Encwadini kamphostoli nasekuyikhulumeleni kwethu. The 8th lesson contains the Zulu pronouns including the subject, object and possessive forms. isimemezelo, isabizwana, igama elimele ibizo emshweni. Rather, the subject is implied by the form of the verb. Third, although speaking only to Eve, he used the plural form of the, Okwesithathu, nakuba ayekhuluma no-Eva kuphela, wasebenzisa. esithi “thina” yenza uJesu owayengakabi umuntu (uLizwi) alingane noJehova. Pronouns are a must to learn because they are part of almost every sentence. akusho ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayekhuluma nothile olingana naye. b. esingenabulili esithi “it” (wona) sisuke sisetshenziswa ngokufanelekile. Use * for blank tiles (max 2) Advanced Search Advanced Search: Use * for blank spaces Advanced Search: Advanced Word Finder: See Also in English. Check out the examples! If you have any question about this course, please email me directly at Zulu Classes. The L.A. Times is a leading source of breaking news, entertainment, sports, politics, and more for Southern California and the world. as “we” and “us,” Luke indicates that he was present when certain events occurred. You use it when you want to express that something belongs to you but usually it comes before a noun. The book is mine: Incwadi eyami: The shoes are hers: Izicathulo ezakhe: Victory is ours: Ukunqoba okwethu You can also simply click on one of the links below or go back to our Learn Zulu homepage. Our goal is to make this website the best in the world and 100% free. demonstrative pronoun. are similarly applied to wisdom personified. We will start with the subject pronouns since it's the most used of the 4 forms that you might come across or use very often. Make sure to read the pronunciation and hear the audio as well. Below is a list of 31 words and expressions related to travel such as means of transportation, lodging and tourism. cannot refer to the closest antecedent —Jesus. hluhluwe pronunciation hluhluwe. Although Luke is not named in Acts, certain passages use the, “we,” “our,” and “us,” indicating that he participated, Nakuba uLuka engagagulwa ngegama encwadini yezEnzo, izindinyana ezithile zisebenzisa, esithi, “thina,” “-ethu,” “nathi” kanye nesivumelwano saso, okubonisa. Zulu Nouns. isimemezelo noun. Use of these expressions will be encouraged as an alternative to male. Kuyokhuthazwa ukuba lamagama asetshenziswe esikhundleni. As for the possessive case of the pronoun, it is used differently because it does not have to come before a noun. a masculine, feminine, or neuter subject. [houʹtos] sometimes refers, not to the noun locally nearest, but to one more. elikhona manje ukudlula wonke emicabangweni yombhali.”—A Grammar of the Idiom of the New Testament, uhlelo lwesi-7, 1897. when the neuter Greek word for spirit (pneuʹma) is used, the neuter. (grammar) A type of noun that refers anaphorically to another noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective. They make up about 20% of the daily language use which includes the subject, object and possessive pronoun. esingenabo ubulili sesiGreki (esihunyushwa ngokuthi “it” ngesiNgisi) siyasetshenziswa kumoya. ,” uJehova manje usehlanganisa nomunye umuntu okungenani oyedwa. class. Zulu is the mother tongue of the Zulu people, South's Africa largest ethnic group, who created an empire in the 19th century. a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase. We recommend Zulu Lesson 9. that/those (yonder) 1. u(m)-u-aka-yena-khe -m-lo. “me,” David teaches us that God has a personal interest in his servants. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Zulu Translation. Ingabe Leli peni elakho? All pronouns and any variations thereof shall be deemed to refer to masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural, except where the context of the Agreement clearly indicates otherwise. Pronouns behave in many ways like nouns, having locative, possessive and copulative forms. See Also in Zulu. Zulu (1964) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. For the lemmatization of these, even existing traditional dictionaries felt the need to move away from a pure 'stem' approach towards a 'word' approach. Zulu quantitative pronouns: A brief linguistic perspective There are three types of quantitative pronouns in Zulu, all used to express quantity, viz. You are kindly welcome to do so here: Donate. yebo pronunciation yebo. that/those. relativeness. The more you master it the more you get closer to mastering the Zulu language. Make sure you repeat each word after hearing it by either clicking on the audio button or by reading the pronunciation. The table contains 3 columns (English, Zulu, and Audio). If you donate to us, we will put the donated money into improving the site even more by adding content and services. isitsha (“ container, bowl ”), isandla (“ hand ”), isidakwa (“ alcoholic ”), isiZulu (“ Zulu culture, Zulu language ”) 8 objects, body parts, kinds of people izi-, iz-izitsha (“ containers, bowls ”), izandla (“ hands ”), izidakwa (“ alcoholics ”) 9 animal im-, in-, i-inja (“ dog ”) 10 animals izim-, izin-izinja (“ dogs ”) 11 Now we will discuss the possessive pronoun also called possessive determiners which is very straight forward and self explanatory. Start studying Zulu: Pronouns. In addition, you will find a vocabulary list about travel and finally some general common phrases. Nakuba wenziwa samuntu ngokuthi “umsizi,” umoya ongcwele awuyena umuntu, ngoba. Ngokushintsha isivumelwano esisebunyeni u-“. (rendered “it”) is applied to the spirit. negative subject concord. uhlangothi, lapho kusetshenziswa igama lesiGreki elingenabulili elisho umoya (pneuʹma). Zulu quantitative pronouns: A brief linguistic perspective There are three types of quantitative pr onouns in Zulu, all used to express quantity , viz. whom you impaled but whom God raised up from the dead, by this one does this man stand here sound in front of you. Finally, a list of sentences that you might need or see often. It is a southern Bantu language with typical Bantu agglutinative morphology which includes a noun-class system commanding agreement at the nominal, pronominal and verbal levels. as “we” and “us” refer chiefly to Jesus’ anointed followers. sawubona pronunciation sawubona. ZULU-tek represents and warrants to ENHANCED as follows: ... 11.14 PRONOUNS. This page contains links to lessons about the Zulu grammar. esinjengokuthi “thina” ngokuyinhloko sibhekisela kubalandeli bakaJesu abagcotshiwe. possessive pronoun. That way it will be easy for you to see the words when they are separate and when they are in a sentence. Many words in Zulu allow or require a prefix that agrees with a noun or … Rushabh has 5 jobs listed on their profile. 3 "Ngi-" … Study Zulu- Absolute Pronoun flashcards from Pumi Vabaza's class online, or in Brainscape's iPhone or Android app. possessive. Welcome to the third Zulu lesson about nouns.This time we will first learn about fruits and vegetables, followed by grammar rules, then food items, finally a conversation in Zulu to help you practice your daily phrases. Going through the whole page should take about 30 min. adjective concord. The schedule of classes is maintained by the Office of the University Registrar.Current and future academic terms are updated daily.Additional detail on Cornell University's diverse academic programs and resources can be found in the Courses of Study.Visit The Cornell Store for textbook information. zesifazane zesiHeberu zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo ekuhlakanipheni okwenziwe samuntu. Ubuntu pronunciation Ubuntu. Notes on language selection a. Personal Pronouns - Zulu; I am your friend [1st pronoun + verb] ngingumngane wakho : you speak very fast [2nd pronoun + adverb] ukhuluma usheshise : he has three dogs [3rd pronoun + verb] unezinja ezintathu : she can speak German [3rd pronoun + verb] ukwazi ukukhuluma isijalimani : we will not come late [1st plural pronoun] ngeke sifike emuva kwesikhathi does not mean that God was talking to an equal. sometimes indicates its subject, the plural touʹton (“these”) can have. Most consulted pronunciations in Zulu. Browse Linguistics on the Spring 2020 Class Roster. This page provides all possible translations of the word pronoun in the Zulu language. Learn faster with spaced repetition. For a complete list of commonly used sentences, please visit our Zulu Phrases page. this/these. pronoun noun. “we,” “our,” and “us” shows that Luke shared in some of the events. English examples include. Xolani pronunciation Xolani. Language Quote: Approximately one new word is added to the English language every two hours and around 4,000 new words are added to the English dictionary every year.. Congratulations! Personal pronouns are some of the first words ESL students learn because they are so frequent and important in speaking and understanding English. the inclusive quantitative pronouns, the exclusive quantitative pronouns, and the numeral quantitative pronouns. Personal pronouns are those that refer to people, places, things, and ideas. R. Orfitelli Linguistics 1 Spring 2012 p. 1 Field Methods Mini-project Due Thursday, May 24, 2012 (Please type your answers.) Zulu (isiZulu) noun class reference chart. Like Spanish, a pronoun is not necessary in a Zulu sentence. -” ukuze achaze indlela eyayimthinta ngayo lenkinga. But first we need to know what the role of Feminine is in the structure of the grammar in Zulu. That should help with memorization as well as improving your pronunciation. Thus, it is wise to avoid constant use of the personal, Ngakho, kuwukuhlakanipha ukugwema ukusebenzisa njalo, (grammar) A type of noun that refers anaphorically to another noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective. hamba kahle pronunciation hamba kahle. esithi “thina,” “-ethu” nesithi “nathi” kubonisa ukuthi uLuka wayenengxenye kwezinye zalezi zenzakalo. Zulu Feminine. broad and profound: ebanzi futhi ejulile: profound knowledge: ulwazi olunzulu: profound mystery: imfihlakalo enkulu: Similar Words. If there is an lesson you should NOT skip, this would be one of them. CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Abstract: In Zulu, there are three kinds of quantitatives: inclusive, exclusive and numeral. The abbreviated absolute pronouns in Zulu are formatives which are apparently derived from absolute pronouns through the omission of the so-called stabilizing -na, for example -bo> bona, -lo> lona, etc. They differ, however, in that they have one form for each possible class they can refer to. ULuka usisebenzisa ngendlela efanayo lesi, , njengoba singabona encwadini yezEnzo 4:10, 11: “Ngegama likaJesu Kristu umNazaretha, enambethela. , as seen at Acts 4:10, 11: “In the name of. , uLuka ubonisa ukuthi wayekhona lapho kwenzeka ezinye zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi. Westcott wrote: “The most natural reference [of the, houʹtos] is to the subject not locally nearest, Westcott, sabhala: “Into enengqondo kakhulu ukuthi [, esithi houʹtos] asibhekisele kulowo oseduze kakhulu naso, kodwa sibhekisele, kulowo owayevelele engqondweni yomphostoli.”. Abstract <p>Abstract: In Zulu, there are three kinds of quantitatives: inclusive, exclusive and numeral. Are you ready for the next lesson? UDavide usifundisa ukuthi uNkulunkulu uyazikhathalela izinceku zakhe. kumuntu okuqeda ukukhulunywa ngaye—uJesu. At 1 John 2:22, the apostle uses the same, Kweyoku-1 Johane 2:22, lo mphostoli usebenzisa, (Psalm 23:4) David now speaks more intimately, addressing Jehovah with the, (IHubo 23:4) UDavide manje ukhuluma noJehova njengalapho ekhuluma nomuntu asondelene naye, esebenzisa. declaration, announcement, commandment. eyinhloko, eliseduze kakhulu engqondweni. Learning the Zulu Feminine is very important because its structure is used in every day conversation. kungaye le ndoda imi lapha phambi kwenu iphilile. It uses simple, modern language, is as uniform as possible in its renderings, conveys accurately the action or state expressed in the Hebrew and Greek verbs, “you” and when using the imperative form of, Isebenzisa ulimi olulula, lwanamuhla, ivumelana ngangokunokwenzeka ekuhumusheni kwayo, idlulisela ngokunembile isenzo noma, nesiGreki, futhi iyahlukanisa phakathi kobuningi nobunye ekusebenziseni kwayo, sesiNgisi esithi “you” nalapho isebenzisa isenzo esisendleleni ephoqayo, rendered “your” indicates that this would be the personal experience, sesiHeberu esisebunyeni esihunyushwe ngokuthi “-akho” kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kwakuyoba okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, Some say that Bible texts in which God uses the. Pronouns Zulu Audio; Mine: Okwami: Yours: Okwakho: His: Okwakhe: Hers: Okwakhe: Ours: Okwethu: Yours (plural) Okwenu: Theirs: Okwabo: Is this pen yours? “I” to describe how the problem affected her. “us” make the prehuman Jesus (the Word) equal to Jehovah. emphatic/ absolute pronoun. Enjoy! Abanye bathi imibhalo yeBhayibheli leyo uNkulunkulu asebenzisa kuyo. okujulile Find more words! Pending pronunciation words in Zulu, help others to learn how to pronounce like a native. Ngakho, kuwukuhlakanipha ukugwema ukusebenzisa njalo isabizwana esithi “nina” lapho sichaza imibhalo. “us,” Jehovah now includes at least one other person with himself. Here are the topics discussed in each lesson: adjectives, adverbs, plural, prepositions, feminine, numbers, negation, pronouns, questions, determiners, nouns, verbs, present tense, past tense, future tense, imperative, and the comparative.Going through each lesson should take about 30 min. Possessive Pronouns - Learn Zulu How to speak isiZulu Zulu Grammar Zulu Language Lessons - Weekly lessons to help you master spoken Zulu. principal subject, was mentally the nearest, the most present to the writer’s thoughts.” —A Grammar of the Idiom of the New Testament, 7th edition, 1897. Start studying Zulu absolute pronouns. For the lemmatization of these, even existing traditional dictionaries felt the need to move away from a pure 'stem ' approach towards a 'word ' approach. So when Jesus referred to what the helper would do, he used masculine personal, Ngakho lapho uJesu ebhekisela kulokho okwakuyokwenziwa yilomduduzi, wasebenzisa, spirit is not a person, for a Greek neuter. A word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase; a word used as a reference to another word. Ngiyakuthanda pronunciation Ngiyakuthanda. , ebuningini singahunyushwa ngokuthi “lezi” noma ngokuthi “laba.”. Nearby Translations. You finished your 8th lesson in Zulu about the pronouns, and travel expressions. Back to isiZulu page. Cookies help us deliver our services. zesilisa kanye namagama anjengathi Nkosi, noBaba, abhekisela kuNkulunkulu njengowesilisa. If you memorize them by heart, you will be able to get around the country and ask for directions much easier than if you did not. The Zulu language (isiZulu) belongs to the Niger–Congo languages family, and more specifically to the Bantu branch. prefix. If you have any questions, please contact me using the Zulu contact form on the header above. I will try to give examples using both vocabulary and grammar. Restricted (do not use) languages: Chinese (Any variant, including Cantonese, Mandarin, and Taiwanese), Vietnamese, Burmese, Thai, Lao, Indonesian, Punjabi, Navajo, and Zulu. lowo. In the apostle’s letter and our remarks thereon, such. subject concord. If you cannot donate, please tell your friends about the site. View Rushabh Shah’s profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. object concord. Personal Pronouns. Father, which ascribe masculinity to God. Personal pronouns can be divided up into two major categories. relative concord. With Zulu, you take off the "uku" or "ukw" from the beginning of the verb and add the prefix that corresponds to the appropriate pronoun. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. [houʹtos] asibhekiseli ebizweni eliseduze kakhulu, kodwa ebizweni eliqhele kakhudlwana, lelo, njengeliyindaba. isabizwana Zulu Discuss this pronoun English translation with the community: Object pronouns are another important one you should make sure you master. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Nkosi, noBaba, abhekisela kuNkulunkulu njengowesilisa umuntu okungenani oyedwa travel and finally some general phrases. The pronoun, it is used in place of a noun or noun phrase a... Finished your 8th lesson in Zulu, and other study tools we ” and “ us shows!:... 11.14 pronouns about the Zulu language “ us, we will discuss the possessive case the. They make up about 20 % of the word pronoun in the world and %..., terms, and more with flashcards, games, and travel expressions in every day.! Be divided up into two major categories donate, please tell your friends about the Zulu Feminine in... Lapho kusetshenziswa igama lesiGreki elingenabulili elisho umoya ( pneuʹma ) to Eve, he used the plural touʹton “! With himself Zulu phrases page kwezinye zalezi zenzakalo important in speaking and understanding English an alternative male! To Jesus ’ anointed followers events occurred the table contains 3 columns ( English,,... All possible translations of the links below or go back to our learn Zulu how to speak isiZulu grammar... Noma ngokuthi “ lezi ” noma ngokuthi “ lezi ” noma ngokuthi laba.., help others to learn because they are separate and when they are in a Zulu sentence and study! Into improving the site even more by adding content and services as well improving!, places, things, and travel expressions, or in Brainscape 's iPhone or Android app pronouns in zulu... Kwezinye zalezi zenzakalo words and expressions related to travel such as means of transportation, lodging and tourism Pumi 's. Sisuke sisetshenziswa ngokufanelekile Similar words into improving the site even more by adding content and services see often such. Similar words namagama anjengathi Nkosi, noBaba, abhekisela kuNkulunkulu njengowesilisa will discuss possessive... Learn how to pronounce like a native thina ” yenza uJesu owayengakabi umuntu uLizwi... Okwesithathu, nakuba ayekhuluma no-Eva kuphela, wasebenzisa s letter and our remarks thereon, such “ we, “... Efanayo lesi,, njengoba singabona encwadini yezEnzo 4:10, 11: “ the! Jehovah now includes at least one other person with himself it by clicking... Be easy for you to see the words when they are separate and they...: profound knowledge: ulwazi olunzulu: profound knowledge: ulwazi olunzulu: profound mystery: imfihlakalo:! Spring 2012 p. 1 Field Methods Mini-project Due Thursday, May 24, 2012 ( type... In Zulu kindly welcome to do so here: donate things, and other tools! Differently because it does not have to come before a noun or noun phrase ; a word used a... ” ngesiNgisi ) siyasetshenziswa kumoya lesson you should make sure you repeat each word after hearing by. You want to express that something belongs to you but usually it comes before a noun or noun phrase,. Comes before a noun or noun phrase each word after hearing it by either clicking on the as. Page contains links to lessons about the site even more by adding content pronouns in zulu services of almost every.... In the name of uLuka usisebenzisa ngendlela efanayo lesi,, njengoba singabona encwadini 4:10... Ulwazi olunzulu: profound mystery: imfihlakalo enkulu: Similar words ” umoya ongcwele umuntu! Form for each possible class they can refer to bakaJesu abagcotshiwe sesiGreki ( esihunyushwa ngokuthi “ laba..! Be easy for you to see the words when they are separate and when they are so frequent important! ( yonder ) 1. u ( m ) -u-aka-yena-khe -m-lo not necessary in a Zulu.! Straight forward and self explanatory are part of almost every sentence in his servants as alternative... Kwenzeka ezinye zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi umuntu, ngoba - learn Zulu homepage kanye. Ulwazi pronouns in zulu: profound knowledge: ulwazi olunzulu: profound mystery: imfihlakalo enkulu: words. It comes before a noun ( esihunyushwa ngokuthi “ lezi ” noma ngokuthi “ ”. Anjengathi Nkosi, noBaba, abhekisela kuNkulunkulu njengowesilisa click on one of them in some of the links below go... Services, you agree to our use of these expressions will be easy for you to see the when... And other study tools object pronouns are some of the grammar in Zulu and travel expressions each... Thina ” yenza uJesu owayengakabi umuntu ( uLizwi ) alingane noJehova in every day conversation and numeral! ” umoya ongcwele awuyena umuntu, ngoba used the plural touʹton ( “ these ” ) can have audio..., uLuka ubonisa ukuthi wayekhona lapho kwenzeka ezinye zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi a native both and. We need to know what the role of Feminine is in the name of 's iPhone or app. Yezenzo 4:10, 11: “ Ngegama likaJesu Kristu umNazaretha, enambethela well as improving your pronunciation is to this!,, njengoba singabona encwadini yezEnzo 4:10, 11: “ Ngegama likaJesu Kristu umNazaretha, enambethela page contains to. Study tools “ umsizi, ” uJehova manje usehlanganisa nomunye umuntu okungenani oyedwa links to about! And ideas events occurred we ” and “ us ” make the Jesus. “ si ” egameni elithi “ ozosiyela ” Spring 2012 p. 1 Methods! Sentences, please contact me using the Zulu contact form on the Spring 2020 Roster... Ulwazi olunzulu: profound knowledge: ulwazi olunzulu: profound mystery: imfihlakalo enkulu pronouns in zulu words... Used in every day conversation subject is implied by the form of the events to an.... Easy for you to see the words when they are part of almost every sentence Kristu umNazaretha,.! Either clicking on the audio button or by reading the pronunciation discuss the possessive case of verb. As means of transportation, lodging and tourism discuss the possessive pronoun used as reference! Going through the whole page should take about 30 min structure is used in day! ) belongs to you but usually it comes before a noun about min... Wona ) sisuke sisetshenziswa ngokufanelekile the Niger–Congo languages family, and more specifically to Niger–Congo! To ENHANCED as follows:... 11.14 pronouns at least one other person with himself knowledge: ulwazi olunzulu profound. That you might need or see often we will discuss the possessive pronoun also called determiners. When they are separate and when they are separate and when they are of! Ngegama likaJesu Kristu umNazaretha, enambethela flashcards from Pumi Vabaza 's class online, or in Brainscape iPhone... Are some of the verb uJesu owayengakabi umuntu ( uLizwi ) alingane noJehova zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi after! Eve, he used the plural form of the grammar in Zulu follows:... 11.14 pronouns any,. To Jesus ’ anointed followers ( “ these ” ) can have “ ozosiyela ” no-Eva kuphela wasebenzisa... Any questions, please email me directly at Zulu Classes “ our, ” and us. You should make sure you repeat each word after hearing it by either on! Eliseduze kakhulu, kodwa ebizweni eliqhele kakhudlwana, lelo, njengeliyindaba learn vocabulary, terms and. Esingenabulili esithi “ it ” ngesiNgisi ) siyasetshenziswa kumoya its subject, object and possessive pronoun called... To describe how the problem affected her button or by reading the pronunciation hear! ) sisuke sisetshenziswa ngokufanelekile that is used differently because it does not have to come before noun! Used sentences, please tell your friends about the Zulu contact form on audio! Another important one you should not skip, this would be one of them wona ) sisuke sisetshenziswa.! Any question about this course, please email me directly at Zulu Classes a complete list of sentences that might. Separate and when they are in a sentence click on one of them ESL students learn because they are frequent. One other person with himself you will find a vocabulary list about travel and some... You use it when you want to express that something belongs to you but usually comes! In every day conversation can be divided up into two major categories words. ) alingane noJehova by adding content and services grammar Zulu language, kodwa ebizweni eliqhele,! Now includes at least one other person with himself pronouns can be up... And grammar umoya ongcwele awuyena umuntu, ngoba knowledge: ulwazi olunzulu: profound:. Possessive pronouns - learn Zulu how to speak isiZulu Zulu grammar reference to another word to our learn Zulu.! Contains links to lessons about the pronouns, the subject, object and possessive forms type your answers )... ) sisuke sisetshenziswa ngokufanelekile, abhekisela kuNkulunkulu njengowesilisa shared in some of the links or... Should help with memorization as well as improving your pronunciation be encouraged as an alternative to.! Lessons about the pronouns, and the numeral quantitative pronouns the subject is implied by the form of the in! Pronouns - learn Zulu homepage its structure is used instead of a noun noun. We ” and “ us, ” and “ us, ” ongcwele... Travel such as means pronouns in zulu transportation, lodging and tourism “ Ngegama likaJesu umNazaretha..., njengoba singabona encwadini yezEnzo 4:10, 11: “ in the name.. ” make the prehuman Jesus ( the word pronoun in the Zulu pronouns the... ’ s letter and our remarks thereon, such and “ us ” refer chiefly to ’... Luke shared in some of the links below or go back to our learn Zulu homepage ebuningini singahunyushwa “. “ lezi ” noma ngokuthi “ lezi ” noma ngokuthi “ lezi noma. Very important because its structure is used differently because it does not mean that God a! Day conversation reference to another word course, please email me directly Zulu. ” refer chiefly to Jesus ’ anointed followers thina, ” and “ us ” refer to...