Keep reading to learn everything you need to know about modern wheel alignment services before booking in yours with Tyrepower. If the caster is out on these cars, it indicates that something is worn or bent, possibly from an accident, and must be repaired or replaced. Most roads are crowned to allow for water drainage, and unless you drive in England, Japan or another country where they drive on the wrong (sorry) left side of the road, you usually drive on the right side of the crown. The question of which alignment is better can be answered two ways. Why SmartStrings? Computerised Full 4 Wheel and Steering Alignment Service at EastEnd Coachworks. SAI is also referred to as KPI (King Pin Inclination) on trucks and old cars with king pins instead of ball joints. Before locking the steering wheel, the engine should be started and the wheel should be turned right and left a couple of times to take any stress off the power steering valve. Camber changes can also change your track width, so placing the string lower on the tire can often give you a better idea of what the contact patch is doing. Your steering wheel connects to a steering column. On some older alignment machines, toe-in was measured at each wheel by referencing the opposite wheel. Any good 4-wheel aligner will reference the rear wheels when setting toe in order to eliminate this problem. Park your car on a flat, level surface. Don't jack it up at all or do anything to shift the suspension. Is your car pulling to one side, or your steering wheel seems as if it’s not sitting straight? Just like a shopping cart caster, the wheel is forced behind the pivot allowing the vehicle to track in a straight line. Check out the Four-Wheel String Alignment System! With such accurate readings, Four Wheel Alignment allows toe adjustments of individual wheels which ensure the steering wheel is set straight. If the caster is equal but too negative, the steering will be light and the vehicle will wander and be difficult to keep in a straight line. 4 wheel steering alignment? Smart String 11410 4 Wheel Toe Alignment System . If you have a vehicle that is pulling even though the alignment is correct, look for something that will affect scrub radius. A wheel alignment is completed by trained technicians who use precise measuring technology to adjust a car’s toe and camber in relation to the steering wheel. If the camber is out of adjustment, it will cause tire wear on one side of the tire's tread. In each case, the technician will place an instrument on all four wheels. Scrub radius is designed at the factory and is not adjustable. Non-radial tires had a tendency to distort at highway speed so that the contact patch moved back past the centerline of the tire (Picture a cartoon car speeding along, the tires are generally drawn as egg-shaped). Some good alignment equipment will measure set back and give you a reading in inches or millimeters. In the early days prior to radial tires, extra toe-in was added to compensate for tire drag at highway speed. Picture yourself trying to push the cart and keep the wheel ahead of the pivot. TrakRyder Wheel Alignment Parts From Pedders Pedders TrakRyder 4×4 wheel alignment parts include components that enable the adjustment of camber and caster to optimise tyre contact with the road, extend the life of expensive 4WD tyres and improve handling. If the camber is too far negative, for instance, then the tire will wear on the inside of the tread. The front end and steering linkage should be checked for wear before performing an alignment. The second type is a full 4-wheel alignment where the adjustments are first made to true up the rear alignment, then the front is adjusted. This can definitely be true when it comes to squaring your car, or checking the alignment of all four wheels. Assessors must satisfy NVR/AQTF assessor requirements. Laser String II simulates traditional three string alignment method used by racers but adds a third dimension in the vertical axis. Four Wheel Alignment measures a minimum of 12 angles and compares them to the alignment data specified by the vehicle manufacturer. The method is commonly known as "stringing" a car and it is simple, easy to understand and the more detail oriented you are the more precise it can be. If the camber is out on these cars, it indicates that something is worn or bent, possibly from an accident and must be repaired or replaced. Check out the full process in the photos. If the sharp edges of the tread sections are pointing to the center of the car, then there is too much toe-in. That should be part of the alignment job and should involve nothing more than a half turn out on one side and half turn in on the other to straighten it up. Sometimes it's just hard to beat the old-fashioned way of doing things. 1.4 Alignment pre-checks of vehicle wheels, ... procedures for carrying out four-wheel alignments; steering system reset procedures to calibrate on-board system sensors with the steering geometry. The contact patch generally moves behind the caster line causing, in effect, a positive caster. Wheel alignment specifications will usually provide the measurements for toe-out on turns. SmartStrings 4 Wheel Toe Alignment System Best and most universal way to quickly perform accurate four-wheel alignments on virtually any car anywhere. Inspect steering and suspension system, including tyre condition and air pressure. It is measured in fractions of an inch in the US and is usually set close to zero which means that the wheels are parallel with each other. The readings are either directly on the turn plate or they are measured electronically and displayed on the screen. It is the primary cause of an off-center or crooked steering wheel. If they are pointed to the outside of the car then there is too much toe-out. The purpose of these adjustments is maximum tire life and a vehicle that tracks straight and true when driving along a straight and level road. It is up to a good wheel alignment technician to determine the cause. With all four wheels set to specification (pointing straight with the thrustline of the vehicle) and a level steering wheel, the technician had accomplished the objective and was ready to move on to the next job. Poor alignment of wheels can shorten the four tires’ life span by thousands of miles and deteriorate very crucial steering and suspension parts. Technically, what you tie your string to doesn't have to be a jackstand, but they are the best height and weight and extras are almost always lying around in every race shop. Of course, you should always road test the vehicle after every alignment as a quality control check. Process of wheel alignment. This article begins with information that any motorist should know; however, if you are interested in learning more about this topic, click on the underlined words for more detailed explanations of each term. A crooked steering wheel is usually the most common complaint that a customer has after a wheel alignment is performed. 6. Included angle is not directly measurable. The technician will then adjust those angles (when applicable) to match vehicle manufacturer specifications, ensuring a smooth ride, even tire wear and efficient fuel economy. The two really have nothing to do with each other except for the fact that they affect ride and handling. Other facts every driver should know about wheel alignments! 3. Which is better 2 wheel alignment or 4 wheel alignment? It is important to note that the only symptom of weak coil springs is a sag in the riding height. This is why, when you put radial tires on this type of car, the car wanders from side to side and no longer tracks straight. Thrust angle is the direction that the rear wheels are pointing in relation to the center line of the vehicle. The second type is a full 4-wheel alignment where the adjustments are first made to true up the rear alignment, then the front is adjusted. Description Our Professional 4-Wheel Alignment System is designed to provide individuals, shops, and racing teams with a cost effective solution to perform 4-wheel alignments. Four precision digital cameras in the aligner tower measure the exact position and orientation of reflective targets which are mounted to all four wheels. Check the specs for any specific recommendations on side-to-side differences. This is because aerodynamic forces cause a change in riding height from the height of a vehicle at rest. The toe measurement is the difference in the distance between the front of the tires and the back of the tires. This way, if the rearend is bent or has some toe built in, it won't throw off your measurements. Problems with tires (especially unequal air pressure), brakes and power steering can also be responsible. Your information will be collected and used in accordance with our  Privacy Policy, Determining Wheel Alignment - String Your Car. The tires should all be in good shape with even wear patterns. There are two main components to the system, the guage, and the frame. That’s a big hit to anybody’s wallet. If the caster is out of adjustment, it can cause problems in straight line tracking. When you see this, you must have your wheels realigned right away! To correct this condition, re-adjust the caster to positive and the car should steer like a new car. This is normally done during a 4-wheel alignment as long as the rear toe is adjustable. Because of this, specifications are determined for a vehicle that is not moving based on the toe being at zero when the vehicle is at highway speed. As aerodynamic forces change the riding height, the toe setting may change due to the geometry of the steering linkage in relation to the geometry of the suspension. Tie a length of string a few feet longer than the wheelbase of your car to two jackstands. Different racers have developed different methods of stringing a race car, but we're going to show you the simplest and most popular method. Make sure that the readings are at zero on each side when the wheels are straight ahead, then turn the steering wheel so that the inside wheel is at the inside spec. They will give an angle for the inside wheel and the outside wheel such as 20 for the inside wheel and 18 for the outside wheel. Road test vehicles to make sure alignment is not off. The theory behind four-wheel laser alignment is hardly rocket science. Riding height is measured, usually in inches, from the rocker panel to the ground. The steering arm is either part of the steering knuckle or part of the ball joint and is not adjustable. Begin by placing your car in a level area of your shop with the suspension set up so that it is sitting at ride height. Another problem with steering center has to do with the type of roads that are driven on. The number one design premise was to allow all four wheels to be aligned with one simple, accurate, portable and affordable tool. The gauge can … Scrub radius is the distance between where the SAI intersects the ground and the center of the tire. You also need to have mounted up a set of relative new tires on unbent rims. If the top of the wheel is leaning out from the center of the car, then the camber is positive ,if it's leaning in, then the camber is negative. Caster is the angle of this steering pivot, measured in degrees, when viewed from the side of the vehicle. 2. Hunter 570 Wheel Aligner; State of the art system for steering and geometry alignment; Vehicle’s steering and alignment; Measuring all steering and suspension components ; CONTACT US Share This Post. Laser String II ( Triple )is the first 3D laser measurement device of its kind for performing four wheel alignments, chassis inspection, and chassis construction using the vehicle centerline as reference. The price of our four-wheel alignment includes the Hunter Hawkeye four-wheel alignment inspection and the front toe adjustment only. Today’s vehicle suspensions require a precise four-wheel alignment that can only be achieved through a modern wheel alignment service. This may cause the vehicle to drift to the right so that the steering wheel will appear to be off-center to the left on a straight road. This method caused problems with getting the steering wheel straight the first time and necessitated corrective adjustments before the wheel was straight. Print out initial alignment settings . Until recently, a total four-wheel alignment was considered complete once the technician finished adjusting front toe. Regular wheel alignment can reduce uneven tyre wear, improve vehicle handling and steering and save you money by lowering fuel consumption. Check the specs to see what the allowable difference is. In the first type the rear toe and tracking is checked, but all adjustments are made at the front wheels. Then you may well require a 4 Wheel Alignment and there is no better place to get this carried out than at Jim Reid Vehicle Sales & Service Centre. Correcting rear axle or toe alignment is necessary to eliminate the thrust angle. Most alignment machines have a way to measure SAI; however it is not separately adjustable. Steering center is simply the fact that the steering wheel is centered when the vehicle is traveling down a straight and level road. You can also determine this by … If you see that the tread on any one tire appears lower on one side of the car, or lower on one side of a tire than the other side, you have an alignment issue. Place vehicle on alignment rack, mount and calibrate sensors. If the riding height is good, then the springs are good. Toe-in means that the fronts of the tires are closer to each other than the rears. If a wheel is out of balance, it will cause a vibration at highway speeds that can be felt in the steering wheel and/or the seat. When you steer a car through a turn, the outside front wheel has to navigate a wider arc then the inside wheel. Click Here to learn more about our Cookie Policy. The toe-out angles are accomplished by the angle of the steering arm. The best way to fix this problem is to replace the springs (Note: springs should only be replaced in matched pairs). To determine the included angle, you add the SAI to the camber. Assessment Conditions. A four wheel alignment includes Front, caster adjustment, front toe adjustment, rear toe adjustment, and rear camber adjustment. In its most basic form, a wheel alignment consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are perpendicular to the ground and parallel to each other. Front End Toe Alignment Gauge Tool. If this is the case, then why did most cars have negative caster specs prior to 1975? Because of this, if the SAI is different from side to side, it will cause a pull at very slow speeds. As well as this, well aligned tyres are safer, save fuel, and provide better handling on the road. Included angle is the angle formed between the SAI and the camber. If you think about it, the only part of the tire that actually matters is the portion coming in contact with the track. Incorrect steering geometry or wheel alignment can affect the vehicle’s stability and cause uneven tyre wear. I got the alignment done on my 92 Honda Prelude 4ws si exactly a year ago and when i just changed over to my snow tires i noticed my summer tires had pretty bad cupping on the inside of the tread on the rear tires. Wheel Alignment and Balance – … Set back is when one front wheel is set further back than the other wheel. The change in camber from the three positions indicates the imaginary line the front spindles are pivoting on. Why ensure alignment? At the end of that column is a gear called a pinion, and that pinion meshes onto matching teeth on top of a flat bar called a rack. One of the easiest ways to check if the wheel alignment is off, is by driving somewhere with a flat surface. We will cover various levels of detail with the deepest levels containing information that even a wheel alignment technician will find informative. An incorrect toe-in will cause rapid tire wear to both tires equally. It features a patented technology that eliminates variables found when using the molded rubber tire. Manufacturers have come up with lots of different solutions involving elaborate rigging systems, lasers, jigs, and other contraptions, and many of these devices work really well. Positive caster improves straight line tracking because the caster line (the line drawn through the steering pivot when viewed from the side) intersects the ground ahead of the contact patch of the tire. The tech guy at the track may measure at the hubs, but the race car doesn't ride on the hubs. It is caused by rear wheel or axle misalignment and causes the steering to pull or lead to one side or the other. Caster is the angle formed by a line through the pivot points and a vertical line through the … On many front-wheel-drive vehicles, camber is not adjustable. Your tyres can move out of alignment over time, or they can be jerked out of alignment by incidents such as hitting a curb or pothole. This action uses the weight of the vehicle to cause the steering wheel to return to the center when you let go of it after making a turn. The included angle must be the same from side to side even if the camber is different. Wheel Alignment Basics. Assuming that the steering wheel stays in the same position when you let go of the wheel (in other words, the car is not pulling), then steering center is controlled by the front and rear toe settings. Turn the steering wheel back to center and then turn the front wheels 20 degrees right and measure your camber again. What’s the Difference Between Toe, Camber, and Caster? By clicking Sign Up, you agree to the  Terms of Use. If there is a difference in camber, then the left wheel should be more positive than the right wheel. Longacre 52-78290 Digital Caster Camber Gauge. The steering wheel can be, and should be, centered by adjusting the front tie rods which control the toe in or out on the front wheels. Free delivery and returns on eBay Plus items for Plus members. If that is not possible, using the thrust angle as a reference line for aligning front toe can restore center steering. Now i found my receipts and My owners manual says the rear camber should be 0°45' … Camber is the angle of the wheel, measured in degrees, when viewed from the front of the vehicle. Because of this, riding height should be checked and problems corrected before setting camber. Different wheels or tires from side to side will cause differences in scrub radius as well as a tire that is low on air. During a 4-wheel alignment, one of Firestone Complete Auto Care's ASE-certified automotive technicians will use state-of-the-art computerized technology to measure the camber, caster and toe. A full 4-wheel alignment will cost more than the other type because there is more work involved. There are two main types of 4-wheel alignments. When camber specifications are determined during the design stage, a number of factors are taken into account. Whether you begin on the right or left side of the car doesn't really matter, but the height of the string does a bit. Front & Rear Wheel Alignment: For vehicles with adjustable rear suspension, all four wheels are aligned to the geometric centre of the vehicle, ensuring that the vehicle tracks straight ahead and … This item Smart String 4 Wheel Toe Alignment System. After properly stringing your car, you'll be able to determine the car's wheelbase on both the left and right sides, the individual toe on the left and right side (which is not the same as the total amount of toe-in or toe-out), whether the car is rolling true or crabbing and the tread width front to rear. If the alignment is out, it can cause excessive tire wear and steering or tracking problems. If the camber is negative, then the included angle will be less than the SAI, if the camber is positive, it will be greater. 5. Other facts every driver should know about wheel alignments. Position the two jackstands so that the string runs along the side of the car, between 12 and 24 inches away and at a height at the middle of the wheel hubs or below. 1. The best way to visualize caster is to picture a shopping cart caster. Then the steering wheel is locked in a straight ahead position while the front toe is set. Negative scrub radius will minimize that effect. The wheel will continually try to turn from straight ahead. The pivot of this type of caster, while not at an angle, intersects the ground ahead of the wheel contact patch. Shipping Australia Wide & internationally. A four wheel alignment is performed on the front and back of some cars, trucks, and SUVs. The best way to compensate for this is as follows: If there is a difference in caster, it should be that the left wheel is more negative than the right wheel, but not more than 1/2 degree. While included angle problems will affect the scrub radius, it is not the only thing that will affect it. Alignment. Now you'll need to do a quick google search for the front and rear track width of your car. ©2021 Superior Engineering. Four wheel steering alignment process . The principles of steering geometry, the operation of alignment equipment, and the interpretation of measurements are covered in this course, enabling technicians to correctly diagnose faults and propose the appropriate corrective action. With alignment equipment that measures toe by using only the front instruments, any setback will cause an uncentered steering wheel. That is what happens when a car has the caster set too far negative. If the caster is different from side to side, the vehicle will pull to the side with the less positive caster. When the wheel is behind the pivot at the point where it contacts the ground, it is in positive caster. Prepare for alignment. Changes in riding height will affect camber and toe so if springs are replaced or torsion bars are adjusted, then the wheel alignment must be checked to avoid the possibility of tire wear. Whatever you use, just make sure they are stable, heavy enough to keep good tension on the string yet light enough to move around relatively easily. Good wheel alignment charts provide specs, but the main thing is that the measurements should be within one inch from side to side and front to rear. In those days, people were looking for cars that steered as light as a feather, and cars back then were not equipped with radial tires. If there is a problem with the toe-out, it is due to a bent steering arm that must be replaced. For many years the trend has been to set the camber from zero to slightly positive to offset vehicle loading, however the current trend is to slightly negative settings to increase vehicle stability and improve handling. Make sure that you have at least 10 feet … (see illustration on right). Write down that measurement. Positive scrub radius is when the tire contact patch is outside of the SAI pivot, while negative scrub radius is when the contact patch is inboard of the SAI pivot (front wheel drive vehicles usually have negative scrub radius). This arm allows the inside wheel to turn sharper than the outside wheel. If it is leaning to one side, then the steering wheel is uneven. Shop with Afterpay on eligible items. Look at the brand emblem of the steering wheel. SAI is the measurement in degrees of the steering pivot line when viewed from the front of the vehicle. Laser String II ( Triple )is the first 3D laser measurement device of its kind for performing four wheel alignments, chassis inspection, and chassis construction using the vehicle centerline as reference. Caster. But they can also be expensive, time consuming and finicky to use. Pulling problems are not always related to wheel alignment. At the time i just figured they knew what they where doing. To eliminate tire wear 2. Toe is always adjustable on the front wheels and on some cars, is also adjustable for the rear wheels. Park your car on a flat, level surface with your steering wheel centered. Riding height is not adjustable except on vehicles with torsion bar type springs. The first step to performing DIY wheel alignment is to know when your car needs one. Newer machines reference the vehicle's centerline by putting instruments on all four wheels. Call for more details on 01389 763314 or fill out the contact form at Contact Us. The vehicle will pull to the side with the more positive camber. Correct wheel alignment is one of the best ways you can maximize the life of your tyres. After setting the toe, the engine should be started again to be sure that the steering valve wasn't loaded again due to the tie rod adjustments. The second type is a full 4-wheel alignment where the adjustments are first made to true up the rear alignment, then the front is adjusted. When setting steering center, the rear toe should be set first bringing the Thrust Angle as close to the vehicle centerline as possible. Did you know? More than that and there is a good chance that something is bent. Shop today! This distance must be exactly the same from side to side or the vehicle will pull strongly at all speeds. I found that my car had a front track width of 57.2" and a rear track width of 56.8". Get the best deals on Automotive Wheel Alignment Systems & Tools. The best solution is to first adjust the rear toe to the center line and then adjust the front toe. On many vehicles, camber changes with different road speeds. If it is not the same, then something is bent, most likely the steering knuckle. When you turn the pinion, it pushes the rack to the left or the right. PMD Products Pair Wheel Alignment Turntable Turn Plates 10,000 Pounds Capacity w/Transition Bridge and Thrust Block. A proper wheel alignment should always start and end with a test drive. Laser String II simulates traditional three string alignment method used by racers but adds a third dimension in the vertical axis. This applies to both front and rear-wheel drives. If the brake on one front wheel is not working, with positive scrub radius, stepping on the brake will cause the steering wheel to try to rip out of your hand. On the other hand, racers have been achieving the same results for decades with nothing more than a ball of string, four jackstands, a tape measure, and a plumb bob. If the camber is different from side to side it can cause a pulling problem. Another string is placed on the opposite side of the car, but instead of squaring it off the tire on that side, it's aligned off of the first string so that they are parallel. When you turn the steering wheel, the front wheels respond by turning on a pivot attached to the suspension system. Toe-out on turns is measured by the turning angle gauges (turn plates) that are a part of every wheel alignment machine. Like camber, toe will change depending on vehicle speed. This type of tire wear is called a saw-tooth wear pattern as shown in this illustration. Toe-out is just the opposite. This angle, when added to the camber to form the Included Angle (see below) causes the vehicle to lift slightly when you turn the wheel away from a straight ahead position. There are a couple of reasons for this. This can definitely be true when it comes to squaring your car, or checking the alignment of all four wheels. then check the outside wheel. If the caster is equal but too positive, the steering will be heavy and the steering wheel may kick when you hit a bump. Caster has little affect on tire wear. If the thrust angle is not zero, then the vehicle will "dog track" and the steering wheel will not be centered. The most likely cause for SAI being out is bent parts which must be replaced to correct the condition. United States Patent 6721629 . If the top of the pivot is leaning toward the rear of the car, then the caster is positive, if it is leaning toward the front, it is negative. 1. Wheel Alignment is often confused with Wheel Balancing. Adjust camber, caster & toe angles . 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